{"id":9,"date":"2016-01-16T10:40:15","date_gmt":"2016-01-16T08:40:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/penceremdenjaponya2016.jikad.org.tr\/yarismaci8\/?page_id=9"},"modified":"2016-02-06T19:15:49","modified_gmt":"2016-02-06T17:15:49","slug":"penceremden-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/penceremdenjaponya2016.jikad.org.tr\/yarismaci8\/penceremden-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Penceremden 2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ningyo Coruri&#8217;nin Tarihi:<\/p>\n<p>Bildi\u011fimiz coruri\u2019nin (\u015famisenle metin okumas\u0131 ve kukla g\u00f6sterisinin birle\u015ftirmesi) resmi ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 tarihi yoktur. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 tarihi yakla\u015f\u0131k 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n son on y\u0131l zaman\u0131nda, Okuni\u2019nin kabukiyi ba\u015flayan danslar\u0131 ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan on y\u0131l \u00f6nce, olu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131 zannetmektedir.<br \/>\nJapon kukla tiyatrosunun tarihi \u00fc\u00e7 zamanlara ayr\u0131labilir. Ko coruri (eski coruri) zaman\u0131 corurinin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7tan \u00c7ikamatsu Monzaemon\u2019un ilk eserlerine kadar zaman\u0131d\u0131r. 1629 y\u0131l\u0131nda kabuki g\u00f6sterilerde kad\u0131nlar\u0131n oynamas\u0131n\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131na kadar Kyoto\u2019da ko coruri g\u00f6sterilerde metin okuyuc\u0131n\u0131n yerini baz\u0131n kad\u0131n alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ko corurinin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 d\u00f6neminde es \u00fcnl\u00fc metin okuyucu Savazumi Kenkyo\u2019nun \u00f6\u011frenci Satsuma Coun idi. Ko corurinin g\u00f6sterilerin konular\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7e ayr\u0131labilir: 1) geleneksel Heike hikayesi; 2) Budizm ve \u015einto ilgili din\u00ee konular\u0131; 3) samurai ailelerin problem konular\u0131 oie sodo.<br \/>\nEdo\u2019da Satsuma Joun \u00f6\u011frencileri a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131, aksiyon, sava\u015fma ve kahramanl\u0131k dolu yeni t\u00fcr oyunlar\u0131 ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc g\u00fcc\u00fcn sahibi olan oyun kahraman\u0131 Kimpira bu t\u00fcr kukla g\u00f6sterilere ad\u0131 vermi\u015ftir. Kimpira t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn g\u00f6sterleri 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131na kadar devam etmi\u015ftir.<br \/>\nKyoto ve Osaka\u2019da ise \u00fcnl\u00fc olan okuyucular\u0131 Yamamoto Kakudayu, \u0130noue Harima ve Uci Kaga no co idiler. Kakudayu kendi g\u00f6sterilerde kahramanlar\u0131n d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fme\/de\u011fi\u015fme efektleri i\u00e7in mekanik kukla ve ipli kuklalar\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015f. Mesela, tilkiyi kad\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. \u0130noue Harima no tiyatrosunun e\u011fitimi alm\u0131\u015f. \u0130noue\u2019nin hem sesi g\u00fczeldi, hem kukla g\u00f6sterlerin konular\u0131 no tiyatrosunun konularla zenginle\u015fmi\u015f, hem Kimpira oyunlar\u0131 daha ger\u00e7ek yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Uci Kaga no co da no tiyatrosunun e\u011fitimi alm\u0131\u015f. Kaga no konular\u0131n kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 devam etmi\u015f ve corurinin oyun d\u00fczenini, alt\u0131 dan\u2019dan (on iki b\u00f6l\u00fcm, bir dan iki b\u00f6l\u00fcm) be\u015f dan\u2019a (no g\u00f6sterisinde gibi be\u015f oyun), de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015f. Kaga\u2019n\u0131n eleman\u0131 gen\u00e7 yetenekli Gorobei Kaga\u2019n\u0131n \u00fcn\u00fc ge\u00e7irmi\u015f. Gorobei ad\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc Takemoto Gidayuu\u2019nun, yeni corurinin ilk okuyucu \u2018y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131\u2019, \u00e7ocuklu\u011fun ad\u0131d\u0131r. Kaga ko coruri ve shin coruri (yeni coruri) aras\u0131nda k\u00f6pr\u00fc olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_30\" style=\"width: 170px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-30\" class=\" wp-image-30\" src=\"http:\/\/penceremdenjaponya2016.jikad.org.tr\/yarismaci8\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/02\/06-takemoto_gidayu_L-300x232.jpg\" alt=\"Takemoto Gidayu\" width=\"160\" height=\"124\" srcset=\"http:\/\/penceremdenjaponya2016.jikad.org.tr\/yarismaci8\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/02\/06-takemoto_gidayu_L-300x232.jpg 300w, http:\/\/penceremdenjaponya2016.jikad.org.tr\/yarismaci8\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/02\/06-takemoto_gidayu_L-194x150.jpg 194w, http:\/\/penceremdenjaponya2016.jikad.org.tr\/yarismaci8\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/02\/06-takemoto_gidayu_L-150x116.jpg 150w, http:\/\/penceremdenjaponya2016.jikad.org.tr\/yarismaci8\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/02\/06-takemoto_gidayu_L.jpg 388w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-30\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Takemoto Gidayu<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Takemoto Gidayuu (1651-1714) hem oyunlar\u0131n yazmas\u0131n\u0131 yazarlara b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n, hem metnin okunma sanatinin geli\u015fmesinin, hem kuklalar\u0131n boyunun daha insan boyuna benzemesinin gelene\u011fi ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Takemoto Gidayuu 1684 y\u0131l\u0131nda Osaka\u2019da kendi tiyatrosu Takemoto-za a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1685 y\u0131l\u0131nda Takemoto \u00c7ikamatsu Monzaemon\u2019u oyun yazar\u0131 olarak i\u015fe alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130kisinin ilk ortak oyunu \u015eusse Kagekiyo yeni corurinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 say\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7ikamatsu\u2019nun eserleri \u00fc\u00e7 d\u00f6neme b\u00f6l\u00fcr: 1) 1684 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar kabuki i\u00e7in yazm\u0131\u015f eserler; 2) \u015eusse Kagekiyo eseri, kukla oyunlar\u0131n eserlerine kabuki d\u00fczenlemesinin ve canl\u0131 diyaloglar\u0131n eklemesi; 3) 1703 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00fcnl\u00fc Sonezaki \u015fincuu (Sonezaki\u2019de a\u015fk intihar\u0131) eseri, 1705 y\u0131l\u0131nda Osaka\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131rken genellikle kukla tiyatrosu i\u00e7in eserleri yazmaya ba\u015flar ; 4) \u015eincuu ten no Amicima ( Amicima\u2019da a\u015fk intiharlar\u0131, 1721) eseri, bu d\u00f6nem 1714\u2019ten 1725\u2019e kadar devam eder.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_31\" style=\"width: 165px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-31\" class=\" wp-image-31\" src=\"http:\/\/penceremdenjaponya2016.jikad.org.tr\/yarismaci8\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/02\/07-chikamatsu_L-300x230.jpg\" alt=\"\u00c7ikamatsu Monzaemon\" width=\"155\" height=\"119\" srcset=\"http:\/\/penceremdenjaponya2016.jikad.org.tr\/yarismaci8\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/02\/07-chikamatsu_L-300x230.jpg 300w, http:\/\/penceremdenjaponya2016.jikad.org.tr\/yarismaci8\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/02\/07-chikamatsu_L-196x150.jpg 196w, http:\/\/penceremdenjaponya2016.jikad.org.tr\/yarismaci8\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/02\/07-chikamatsu_L-150x115.jpg 150w, http:\/\/penceremdenjaponya2016.jikad.org.tr\/yarismaci8\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/02\/07-chikamatsu_L.jpg 391w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 155px) 100vw, 155px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-31\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u00c7ikamatsu Monzaemon<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_32\" style=\"width: 201px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-32\" class=\" wp-image-32\" src=\"http:\/\/penceremdenjaponya2016.jikad.org.tr\/yarismaci8\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/02\/08-An-illustrated-program-for-The-Love-Suicide-at-Sonezaki-300x195.jpg\" alt=\"Sonezaki'de a\u015fk intihar\u0131\" width=\"191\" height=\"124\" srcset=\"http:\/\/penceremdenjaponya2016.jikad.org.tr\/yarismaci8\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/02\/08-An-illustrated-program-for-The-Love-Suicide-at-Sonezaki-300x195.jpg 300w, http:\/\/penceremdenjaponya2016.jikad.org.tr\/yarismaci8\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/02\/08-An-illustrated-program-for-The-Love-Suicide-at-Sonezaki-231x150.jpg 231w, http:\/\/penceremdenjaponya2016.jikad.org.tr\/yarismaci8\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/02\/08-An-illustrated-program-for-The-Love-Suicide-at-Sonezaki-150x98.jpg 150w, http:\/\/penceremdenjaponya2016.jikad.org.tr\/yarismaci8\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/02\/08-An-illustrated-program-for-The-Love-Suicide-at-Sonezaki.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 191px) 100vw, 191px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-32\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sonezaki&#8217;de a\u015fk intihar\u0131<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Takemoto-za a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131na kadar g\u00f6sterilerde kullan\u0131lar kuklalar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fc ve bir ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan canland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 1734 y\u0131l\u0131nda kuklay\u0131 canland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7 kuklac\u0131c\u0131n kullanmas\u0131na karar vermi\u015fti. Kuklalar\u0131n boyu ise iki kat\u0131 artm\u0131\u015f, orta insan boyunun 2\/3 olmu\u015ftur. \u00dc\u00e7 kuklac\u0131n\u0131n kuklay\u0131 kolay canland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in sahneyi de\u011fi\u015ftirmi\u015ftir. \u00c7ikamatsu\u2019nun iki takip\u00e7i yazar\u0131 Takeda \u0130zumo II (1691-1756) ve Namiki Sosuke (1695-1751) d\u00fcnyada en \u00fcnl\u00fc eseri Kanadehon \u00c7uu\u015fingura\u2019y\u0131 (K\u0131rk Yedi Ronin) yazm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-33 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/penceremdenjaponya2016.jikad.org.tr\/yarismaci8\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/02\/09-An-example-in-which-two-operators-can-be-seen-manipulating-a-puppet.-207x300.jpg\" alt=\"09 An example in which two operators can be seen manipulating a puppet.\" width=\"123\" height=\"178\" srcset=\"http:\/\/penceremdenjaponya2016.jikad.org.tr\/yarismaci8\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/02\/09-An-example-in-which-two-operators-can-be-seen-manipulating-a-puppet..jpg 207w, http:\/\/penceremdenjaponya2016.jikad.org.tr\/yarismaci8\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/02\/09-An-example-in-which-two-operators-can-be-seen-manipulating-a-puppet.-104x150.jpg 104w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 123px) 100vw, 123px\" \/><br \/>\nNingyo coruri g\u00f6sterleri 1780 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar devam etmi\u015fti. 1780 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra kabuki tiyatrosunun \u00fcn\u00fc artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu zamanda t\u00fcm destek kabuki oyunlara d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f ve ningyo coruri tiyatrosunun kapatmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kuklac\u0131 gruplar\u0131 \u00fclkeyi gezerken g\u00f6sterleri vermeye devam etmi\u015fti.<br \/>\n<strong>Meici d\u00f6neminde<\/strong> (1868-1912) Osaka\u2019da 1871 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bunraku-za, 1884 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hikoroku-za kukla tiyatrolar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1893 y\u0131l\u0131nda Hikoroku-za kukla tiyatrosunun kapand\u0131ktan sonra Bunraku-za kuklac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n gelene\u011fin tek temsilcisi olmu\u015ftur. K\u00f6t\u00fc y\u00f6netmesi y\u00fcz\u00fcnden 1909 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bunraku-za\u2019y\u0131 \u015eou\u00e7iku karde\u015fler alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u015eou\u00e7iku karde\u015fler o zamanda t\u00fcm bunraku ve kabuki tiyatrolar\u0131n y\u00f6netmesini monopolize etmi\u015ftir.<br \/>\n1926 y\u0131l\u0131nda olan b\u00fcy\u00fck yang\u0131n\u0131 Bunraku-za tiyatrosunu yok etmi\u015fti. 1930 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar bunraku g\u00f6sterilerle gezmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1930 y\u0131l\u0131nda Osaka\u2019da yeni tiyatrosu a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130kinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra 1955 y\u0131l\u0131nda Japonya H\u00fck\u00fcmeti Bunraku sanati Coyu Mukei Bunkazai (Ya\u015fayan Mill\u00ee De\u011ferler) olarak kabul etmi\u015fti. 1963 y\u0131l\u0131nda Bunraku \u015eou\u00e7iku karde\u015flerden ayr\u0131l\u0131p ayn\u0131 y\u0131lda kurulmu\u015f Bunraku Kyoukai (Bunraku Derne\u011fi) taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6neltmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1966 y\u0131l\u0131nda Tokyo\u2019da ilk Ulusal Tiyatro\u2019su kurulmu\u015ftur. 1984 y\u0131l\u0131nda Osaka\u2019da Ulusal Bunraku Tiyatrosu kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-35 alignleft\" src=\"http:\/\/penceremdenjaponya2016.jikad.org.tr\/yarismaci8\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/02\/11-osaka-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"11 osaka\" width=\"226\" height=\"170\" srcset=\"http:\/\/penceremdenjaponya2016.jikad.org.tr\/yarismaci8\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/02\/11-osaka-300x225.jpg 300w, http:\/\/penceremdenjaponya2016.jikad.org.tr\/yarismaci8\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/02\/11-osaka-200x150.jpg 200w, http:\/\/penceremdenjaponya2016.jikad.org.tr\/yarismaci8\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/02\/11-osaka-150x113.jpg 150w, http:\/\/penceremdenjaponya2016.jikad.org.tr\/yarismaci8\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/02\/11-osaka.jpg 321w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 226px) 100vw, 226px\" \/>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-36\" src=\"http:\/\/penceremdenjaponya2016.jikad.org.tr\/yarismaci8\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/02\/12-tokyo-300x224.jpg\" alt=\"12 tokyo\" width=\"218\" height=\"163\" srcset=\"http:\/\/penceremdenjaponya2016.jikad.org.tr\/yarismaci8\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/02\/12-tokyo-300x224.jpg 300w, http:\/\/penceremdenjaponya2016.jikad.org.tr\/yarismaci8\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/02\/12-tokyo-201x150.jpg 201w, http:\/\/penceremdenjaponya2016.jikad.org.tr\/yarismaci8\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/02\/12-tokyo-150x112.jpg 150w, http:\/\/penceremdenjaponya2016.jikad.org.tr\/yarismaci8\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/9\/2016\/02\/12-tokyo.jpg 321w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 218px) 100vw, 218px\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ningyo Coruri&#8217;nin Tarihi: Bildi\u011fimiz coruri\u2019nin (\u015famisenle metin okumas\u0131 ve kukla g\u00f6sterisinin birle\u015ftirmesi) resmi ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 tarihi yoktur. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 tarihi yakla\u015f\u0131k 16. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n son on y\u0131l zaman\u0131nda, Okuni\u2019nin kabukiyi ba\u015flayan danslar\u0131 ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan on y\u0131l \u00f6nce, olu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131 zannetmektedir. Japon kukla tiyatrosunun tarihi \u00fc\u00e7 zamanlara ayr\u0131labilir. Ko coruri (eski coruri) zaman\u0131 corurinin ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7tan \u00c7ikamatsu \u2026 <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"http:\/\/penceremdenjaponya2016.jikad.org.tr\/yarismaci8\/penceremden-2\/\"> Continue reading<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/penceremdenjaponya2016.jikad.org.tr\/yarismaci8\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/penceremdenjaponya2016.jikad.org.tr\/yarismaci8\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/penceremdenjaponya2016.jikad.org.tr\/yarismaci8\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/penceremdenjaponya2016.jikad.org.tr\/yarismaci8\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/penceremdenjaponya2016.jikad.org.tr\/yarismaci8\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"http:\/\/penceremdenjaponya2016.jikad.org.tr\/yarismaci8\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":98,"href":"http:\/\/penceremdenjaponya2016.jikad.org.tr\/yarismaci8\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9\/revisions\/98"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/penceremdenjaponya2016.jikad.org.tr\/yarismaci8\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}